“Candida auris”: The Resident Fungus Challenging Modern Medicine

Have you heard of Candida auris? This fungus has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its resistance to multiple antifungals and its ability to cause severe infections, particularly in hospitalized patients or those with compromised immune systems.

The fungus was first identified in 2009 in Japan, but since then, it has been reported in several countries around the world. It can cause infections in different parts of the body, including the bloodstream, wounds, and ears. Infections can be particularly dangerous in healthcare settings, especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), and transmission can occur through contact with contaminated surfaces or directly between patients.

Dr. Omar Shayeb, a Syrian medical doctor specializing in public health, with a Master of Public Health (MPH) in Epidemiology from the University of Toledo, Ohio, USA, where he currently resides, has extensive experience in infection prevention and control.

His work is particularly relevant in the context of emerging fungal infections like Candida auris, which has become a growing concern in hospital environments due to its resistance to multiple antifungals and its ability to cause outbreaks. "My work focuses on reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), with a special emphasis on Candida auris, this multi-resistant pathogen," said Omar Shayeb.

Dr. Shayeb has contributed to safety audits, updates to infection control policies, and research in clinical settings. "It’s essential to promote innovative strategies to combat infectious diseases and improve healthcare quality in the United States," he emphasized.

Prevention

According to Dr. Shayeb, infection control measures such as proper hand hygiene and surface disinfection are essential for preventing the spread of Candida auris in healthcare environments. He further explains that diagnosis can be complicated, as Candida auris can be mistaken for other species of Candida. Specific laboratory tests are required for correct identification.

Treatment to combat Candida auris usually involves the use of antifungals. It is important that treatment is guided by a healthcare professional, as resistance to antifungals may vary. Additionally, infection management may include infection control measures in healthcare settings to prevent further spread.

Emerging Infectious Threats

Dr. Shayeb further explains that emerging infectious threats, such as Candida auris, have become an increasing concern in public health. The lessons learned from this fungus include the importance of epidemiological surveillance, the need for strict infection control protocols in healthcare settings, and the urgency to develop new antifungal therapies.

Moreover, the experience with Candida auris underscores the importance of international collaboration in research and information sharing to address future infectious challenges.

"These lessons are crucial for preparing healthcare systems to deal with other emerging threats, ensuring we can respond effectively and protect public health," said Shayeb.

The expert also highlights the importance of raising awareness and training healthcare professionals about Candida auris and other emerging pathogens. This includes recognizing signs of infection and implementing appropriate prevention measures.

"The need for ongoing research on emerging pathogens, their characteristics, and treatment options is fundamental. Investing in innovation can lead to the development of new therapies and prevention strategies. All of this can be applied to other emerging pathogens, helping to

prepare healthcare systems to respond to future public health crises. Strengthening the global response to emerging infections is essential to ensure healthcare systems are ready to face new challenges."

In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Health, the first infection was recorded in Salvador, Bahia, in 2020. The overcrowding of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, combined with a reduced capacity for medical services to follow good infection control practices, facilitated the emergence of the fungus.

According to the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), the hospital where this first Candida auris outbreak occurred implemented all necessary measures for surveillance and containment of the fungus's spread. Since then, some cases of Candida auris have been recorded in states like Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo.

Contributions

Throughout his career, Dr. Shayeb has contributed to research and publications addressing the epidemiology, prevention, and control of infections, especially those caused by resistant pathogens like Candida auris. His work helps inform clinical practices and public health policies.

Dr. Shayeb says he has a deep passion for medicine, both from a clinical and academic perspective. After earning his medical degree from the University of Lalamoon in Syria in 2012, he began his medical residency. In 2014, he moved to the United States to pursue advanced education and professional development.

It was in the United States that he also earned a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree from the University of Toledo, College of Health and Human Services, in August 2024. "Before my graduate studies, I worked for two and a half years at MD Anderson Cancer Center, the leading cancer research institution in the country, where I contributed to clinical research projects, including the investigation of a rare cancer affecting the appendix."

Dr. Shayeb also worked at the Global Office of Houston Methodist Hospital, assisting Middle Eastern patients seeking treatment in the U.S., utilizing his medical training and proficiency in both English and Arabic. His experience also includes internships at American hospitals.

Looking ahead, Dr. Omar Shayeb has plans for the coming years. "My goal is to take the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination) exams and pursue a residency in

immunology and medical microbiology at the University of Toledo, with the eventual aim of pursuing a PhD in this field."